Which education philosophy focuses heavily on environmental factors that determine behavior?

• A. Essentialism
• B. Behaviorism
• C. Constructivism
• D. Existentialism

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is that behavior is shaped by the environment through conditioning and reinforcement. This view holds that observable actions are influenced by stimuli and the consequences that follow, so learning happens as behaviors are strengthened or weakened by rewards and punishments in the surroundings. That emphasis on how external factors determine behavior is why this philosophy is the best fit.

Other approaches focus less on environmental control. For example, essentialism concentrates on core knowledge and teacher-led instruction; constructivism highlights learners actively constructing knowledge through experience but not as a strict environmental determinant of behavior; existentialism centers on personal meaning and choice rather than external shaping.