In Cognitivism, memory structures and schemas influence learning as part of processing information. This aligns with which theoretical perspective?

• A. Behaviorism perspective
• B. Humanist perspective
• C. Reconstructionist perspective
• D. Cognitivist perspective

Answer: (D)

The main idea is that learning is an internal, active process where memory structures and schemas shape how new information is interpreted, organized, and stored. In cognitivism, learners bring prior knowledge to bear, using schemas to make sense of new material, decide what to attend to, and determine how it fits into memory. As learners encounter new content, they adjust or expand these schemas, which helps with understanding, retention, and later retrieval. This perspective emphasizes the mind’s processing of information rather than only observable behavior or external outcomes, which is why it fits best here.

If you’re comparing approaches, behaviorism centers on observable actions and reinforcement, not internal representations; humanism focuses on personal growth and self-actualization; reconstructionism emphasizes education for social change.